Zevachim - Daf 99
- ראוי לחיטוי חולק שאינו ראוי לחיטוי אינו חולק
Reish Lakish provides the source that a טבול יום does not receive a share in the korbanos: הכהן המחטא אותה יאכלנה – the Kohen who throws its blood shall eat it. This implies that only the specific Kohen who performed זריקה may eat the meat, but since the entire משמר of Kohanim eats it, the Gemara instead explains the passuk to mean ראוי לחיטוי – fit for זריקה. However, since even a קטן, who is unfit to perform זריקה, may eat the meat, the Gemara clarifies further that the passuk’s expression “he shall eat it” means יחלקנה – he shall receive a share in it. Thus: ראוי לחיטוי חולק – one fit for זריקה receives a share; שאינו ראוי לחיטוי אינו חולק – one unfit for זריקה does not receive a share. Although the Mishnah taught that a בעל מום, who is unfit for זריקה, still receives a share, that is specifically included by the phrase "כל זכר בכהנים" – every male among the Kohanim. The Gemara explains why this phrase includes a בעל מום, who is fit for eating but not for avodah, rather than a טבול יום, who is currently unfit even for eating, but will be fit even for avodah that night.
- Does a בעל מום who is also טמא receive a share in korbanos?
Reish Lakish asked: does a בעל מום who is also tamei receive a share in korbanos? Do we say that since the Torah included him to receive a portion despite being unfit for avodah, מה לי טמא מה לי בעל מום – what difference is it to me if he is also tamei or only blemished, or perhaps ראוי לאכילה חולק – someone fit for eating [kodashim] (such as a בעל מום) receives a share, but a tamei, who is unfit for eating kodashim, does not receive a share? Rabbah quoted a Baraisa teaching that although a Kohan Gadol may bring korbanos while he is an אונן, he may not eat them, nor does he receive a share in them. This proves a Kohen must be fit to eat korbanos to receive a portion in them, and a בעל מום who is tamei would not. Rav Oshaya asked if a tamei receives a share in קרבנות ציבור – public sacrifices, for which a טמא is fit to perform avodah. Does any Kohen who is in the category of "המחטא" – one who throws the blood receive a portion, or must he be fit for eating? Ravina proved from the above Baraisa about a Kohen Gadol who is an אונן that he must be fit for אכילה.
- Contradiction about an אונן eating kodashim at night
Our Mishnah implies that although an אונן does not receive a share in korbanos, he may partake of other Kohanim’s shares that night. This is contradicted by another Mishnah, which states: אונן טובל ואוכל את פסחו לערב – an onein immerses himself and eats his [korban] pesach in the evening (because the אנינות prohibition of the following night is מדרבנן, and waived for the korban pesach), אבל לא בקדשים – but he may not eat [other] korbanos!? Rav Yirmiyah miDifti says that our Mishnah is discussing the night of Pesach; איידי דאכיל פסח אכיל נמי קדשים – since he may eat the pesach, he may also eat other korbanos (although the permit was only necessary for the pesach, which carries a כרת penalty). During the rest of the year, when there is no korban pesach, he may not eat any kodashim. Rav Assi answers that the second Mishnah is where the relative died (and was buried on) on the fourteenth of Nissan; since the אנינות of the day of death is מדאורייתא, the night is Rabbinically prohibited (and only waived for the korban pesach itself). Our Mishnah is where he died on the thirteenth and was buried on the fourteenth; since the entire אנינות of the day of burial is מדרבנן, that night is completely permitted.
